The Science Behind Fog

Fog is considered a low cloud that is either close to ground level or in contact with it. As such, it is made up of water droplets that are in the air like a cloud. Unlike a cloud, however, the water vapor in fog comes from sources close to the fog like a large water body or a moist ground. For example, fog usually forms over the city of San Francisco, California during the summer months and the moisture for that fog is produced by the cool ocean waters that are nearby. By contrast, moisture in a cloud is gathered from large distances that are not necessarily near where the cloud forms. Formation of Fog Like a cloud, fog forms when water evaporates from a surface or is added to the air. This evaporation can be from the ocean or another body of water or moist ground like a marsh or a farm field, depending on the type and location of the fog. As the water begins to evaporate from these sources and turn into water vapor it rises into the air. As the water vapor rises, it bonds with aerosols called ​condensation nuclei (i.e. small dust particles in the air) to form water droplets. These droplets then condense to form fog when the process occurs close to the ground. There are, however, several conditions that need to first occur before the process of fog formation can be complete. Fog usually develops when relative humidity is near 100% and when the air temperature and dew point temperature are close to one another or less than 4ËšF (2.5ËšC). When air reaches 100% relative humidity and its dew point  it is said to be saturated and can thus hold no more water vapor. As a result, the water vapor condenses to form water droplets and fog. Types of Fog There are various types of fog that are categorized based on how they form. The two main types though are radiation fog and advection fog. According to the National Weather Service, radiation fog forms at night in areas with clear skies and calm winds. It is caused by the rapid loss of heat from the Earths surface at night after it was gathered during the day. As the Earths surface cools, a layer of moist air develops near the ground. Over time the relative humidity near the ground will reach 100% and fog, sometimes very dense forms. Radiation fog is common in valleys and often when the fog forms it remains for long periods when winds are calm. This is a common pattern seen in Californias Central Valley. Another major type of fog is advection fog. This type of fog is caused by the movement of moist warm over a cool surface like the ocean. Advection fog is common in San Francisco and it forms in the summer when warm air from the Central Valley moves out of the valley at night and over the cooler air over the San Francisco Bay. As this process occurs, the water vapor in the warm air condenses and forms fog. Other types of fog identified by the National Weather Service include upslope fog, ice fog, freezing fog,​ and evaporation fog. Upslope fog occurs when warm moist air is pushed up a mountain to a place where the air is cooler, causing it to reach saturation and the water vapor to condense to form fog. Ice fog develops in the Arctic or Polar air masses where the air temperature is below freezing and is composed of ice crystals suspended in the air. Freezing fog forms when the water droplets in the air mass become supercooled. These drops remain liquid in the fog and immediately freeze if they come into contact with a surface. Finally, evaporation fog forms when large amounts of water vapor are added to the air through evaporation and mixes with cool, dry air to form fog. Foggy Locations Because certain conditions must be met for the fog to form, it does not occur everywhere, however, ​there are some locations where fog is very common. The San Francisco Bay Area and Central Valley in California are two such places, but the foggiest place in the world is near Newfoundland. Near Grand Banks, Newfoundland a cold ocean current, the Labrador Current, meets the warm Gulf Stream and fog develops as the cold air causes the water vapor in the moist air to condense and form fog. In addition, southern Europe and places like Ireland are foggy as is Argentina, the Pacific Northwest, and coastal Chile.

Safety Skills And Avoiding Poisonous Hazards - 2171 Words

Safety has always been a crucial element in regards to children. This essay is solely based on the issue of safety among small children. The main area that will be discussed in this essay in relation to safety is preventing gun play and avoiding poisonous hazards (further articles that relate to safety and young children will be raised, to give a more broad understanding). The structure will start with giving a brief background of what each article is based around, method; this will include recruitment, participants, behaviour etc. The results or outcomes of the studies, and the final discussion which is an interpretation of the results (e.g. implications, similarities and the possible failures that could have occurred and what could be done to improve the procedure). 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Student College Debt Intertwined With The Expensive Economy

In this unimaginable generation, we face many challenges to survive, but one challenge that is prevalent is student college debt intertwined with the expensive economy. The idea that a better and furthered education will bring you more success is why millions even make college loans an option. It is believed, that the two elements of education and employment coincide with one another. The idea of being employed is a necessity in modern day. There is a focus on getting an education to determine your success. Although attending school is appreciable, it also comes with its issues that make college appear as a trap; incognito in a sense. Dragging everyone down slowly like a leaf in quicksand. Young adults struggle with college debt, and financial barriers; by avoiding the economy’s false luxuries can prevent the occurrence of running into economic barricades. Despite the stress of debt, to be educated is to live life stress free. A college loan, is borrowing money to attend school with the intention of paying it back when finished receiving an education. Writer of the article Generation Debt in the book Contemporary Reader, Anya Kamenetz, and American Writer and leads education blogger argues that, â€Å"The economic shift, this time to a labor market that rewards only the highly educated with living and growing wages† (Kamenetz 148). Furthering your education is the best way to get a better paying job, but furthering your education means that you have to pay money. Many studentsShow MoreRelatedIs College Tuition Really Too High?998 Words   |  4 Pagesmust include evidence, stated or not stated, to support it. One article to argue their point well is â€Å"Is College Tuition Really Too High?† This topic is highly debated amongst politicians and can easily sway a voter s opinion based on how they plan to fix this issue. 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Electronic Bill Presentment and Payment System

Question: Discuss about the Electronic Bill Presentment and Payment System. Answer: EBP Systems and EBPP Systems Banking industry has witnessed a major revolution in the banking activities with the introduction of internet and web based operations in the field. Internet based banking has changed the way and practices related to the traditional banking methods. It is thus essential to understand the operations of each of the internet based banking concept to form a detailed plan to implement the same (Plymouth, 2016). EBP Systems stand from Electronic Based Payment Systems which enable the customer to make the bill payments from any geographical location through the use of electronic methods of bill payment. These systems make use of information systems and technology to set-up electronic payment gateways to allow the account holder to make financial transactions electronically (shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in, 2016). EBPP Systems that is Electronic Bill Presentment and Payment is advancement over the EBP systems. EBPP Systems enable the end user to create, view, deliver and pay the bills over the Internet. There was a time when the bills were sent with the help of postal services and took a lot of time in the entire process of sending, receiving and paying. The same has been overcome with the help of EBPP as it allows instant presentation of the invoice or the bills for the customer to take a look at and pay thereafter. The electronic bill presentment is further divided in to two mechanisms as Pull and Push. The push method sends the electronic bill over the registered email id of the customer. Pull method on the other hand posts the same on a secure web site that demands user authentication (euro.ecom.cmu.edu, 2016). EBPP System and its operations (Kolar, 2016) Similarities between EBP and EBPP Systems There are a number of similarities between the EBP and EBPP Systems as latter is an advancement over the former. Both of these systems have been designed with the same objective of allowing the customers to make use of internet banking for the activities associated with the bill payments. The backbone behind these systems is also the same that is IT. Information Technology has enabled these systems to flourish and establish themselves as the most demanded bill payment solutions in the market at the present era. The basic architecture that is followed in the design, development and implementation of these bill payment and presentment systems is also similar in nature as the actors that are involved in the same are customer, customers bank, merchant, payment gateway and network. Differences between EBP and EBPP Systems There are also a few differences between EBP and EBPP Systems. EBP Systems allow the customer that is the account holders only with the ability to make the payment for their bills through an online medium. EBPP Systems on the other hand go a step further and allow the customer to view and download the detailed invoice as well. EBPP Systems have replaced the paper based invoices and provide a comfortable solution to take a look at the e-invoices. Scheduling of the same to automatically receive them on the e-mail address is also provided through EBPP Systems. In the given scenario, university offers courses to students. Each student is identified uniquely by student number. One student can study one or more courses and one course can be taken up by zero or more students. This association results in mapping table. The students are graded on each course by course attribute of the mapping table. Each course has unique identifier course number. Course has additional attributes like course title. Each course can be taught by one and only one instructor. Instructor has an unique identifier identifier_number. Other attributes of instructor include instructor name and location. More than one instructor can have same name. An instructor teaches one or more courses. The performance of student on particular course is measured by grade attribute. In ERD diagram, many to many relations have been broken down in 3NF form by forming a new table i.e. table with attributes: student_number, course_number and grade. Similarly, one to many relation where one instructor teaches one or more courses is depicted by table having attributes: course_number, course_title and instructor_number. Data flow diagram depicts the functions that the system should perform and data which is being required by these functions. The external and internal entities of a system depend on the role being played by them. The system of organization has some entities which transforms data within the system of an organization. There can be a system within an organization where some entities receive and send data to the system but are part of the organization and internal to it. In this respect, the colleague is correct only to an extent but not completely as the external and internal entities are not defined as per the organization but the system for which they are being defined. (Carrington, Battersby and Howitt, 1975) The colleague is wrong with the given statement. External entity of the system are those entities which either receive or send the data but do not manipulate it and internal entities are those entities which transforms data received from sources and outputs, if required, data. The process of transformation is not known from the DFD diagram but what actually been sent/received by external entity is clearly defined in the diagram. These internal entities include persons, places and things. In the given DFD diagram, customer sends cash to the system which is received by sales clerk then sales clerk sends this cash along with register tape to the cashier. Here, customer is the external entity as it only sends the data and sales clerk is the internal entity which receives the data and transforms it and sends it to next internal entity which also transforms the data (Gelinas, Sutton and Oram, 1999). References Carrington, A., Battersby, G. and Howitt, G., 1975.Accounting, an information system. Christchurch, N.Z.: Whitcombe and Tombs. euro.ecom.cmu.edu, (2016). Electronic Bill Presentment and Payment. [online] Available at: https://euro.ecom.cmu.edu/resources/elibrary/epay/EBPP.pdf [Accessed 2 Aug. 2016]. Gelinas, U., Sutton, S. and Oram, A., 1999.Accounting information systems. Cincinnati, Ohio: South-Western College Pub. Kolar, P. (2016). CloudTeq.eu s.r.o.. [online] Cloudteq.eu. Available at: https://www.cloudteq.eu/co-je-ebpp_en.php [Accessed 2 Aug. 2016]. Plymouth, K. (2016). Bill Payment Trends: Major Shifts in Consumer Behavior Require Comprehensive Planning. [online] Available at: https://www.firstdata.com/downloads/thought-leadership/fd_billpaymenttrends_whitepaper.pdf [Accessed 2 Aug. 2016]. shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in, (2016). Conceptual Framework - Banking. [online] Available at: https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/31679/8/08_chapter%201.pdf [Accessed 2 Aug. 2016].